Diagnostic techniques for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: a review

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a group of the respiratory disease multifaceted pathogens and key cattle, leading to significant economic losses dairy industry globally. The causative agent IBR Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1), which member genus Varicellovirus in Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, belongs family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales. BoHV-1 can be categorized into three subtypes (BoHV-1.1, BoHV-1.2a, BoHV-1.2b) that belong one single viral species, serologically indistinguishable strain. Therefore, more optimal method for rapid diagnosis infection highly needed. Hence, objective this paper review appropriate diagnostic techniques virus infected cattle. In review, various confirmatory methods used were briefly described. routinely detected by neutralization tests enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (indirect or blocking ELISA). IBRgE-ELISA most specific serological test recommended marker vaccine differentiate wild from vaccination schemes. Furthermore, isolation tissue swab samples cell culture DNA detection with LAMP, PCR, real-time PCR are all detect Direct sequencing entire genome using Sanger recently allowed differentiation subspecies distinction field strain strains based on nucleotide polymorphisms. As gold standard culture, commonly followed gene sequencing, it also recommended.